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Q99988

Growth/differentiation factor 15 (Q99988)

Uniprot ID Q99988
Protein Name Growth/differentiation factor 15
Gene Name GDF15
Species Homo sapiens (Human)
Basic Information Experiments (1) Disease (0) Interactions
Signal peptide(a) Y Secretome P(b) 0.902
Function Regulates food intake, energy expenditure and body weight in response to metabolic and toxin-induced stresses (PubMed:28953886, PubMed:28846097, PubMed:28846098, PubMed:28846099, PubMed:23468844, PubMed:29046435). Binds to its receptor, GFRAL, and activates GFRAL-expressing neurons localized in the area postrema and nucleus tractus solitarius of the brainstem (PubMed:28953886, PubMed:28846097, PubMed:28846098, PubMed:28846099). It then triggers the activation of neurons localized within the parabrachial nucleus and central amygdala, which contitutes part of the 'emergency circuit' that shapes feeding responses to stressful conditions (PubMed:28953886). On hepatocytes, inhibits growth hormone signaling (By similarity). .
GO - Molecular function
  • cytokine activity : IBA:GO_Central
  • growth factor activity : IEA:UniProtKB-KW
  • protein homodimerization activity : IDA:UniProtKB
  • transforming growth factor beta receptor binding : IBA:GO_Central
GO - Biological process
  • activation of MAPK activity : IDA:UniProtKB
  • BMP signaling pathway : IBA:GO_Central
  • cell development : IBA:GO_Central
  • cell-cell signaling : TAS:ProtInc
  • glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor receptor signaling pathway : IDA:UniProtKB
  • negative regulation of growth hormone receptor signaling pathway : ISS:UniProtKB
  • negative regulation of multicellular organism growth : ISS:UniProtKB
  • positive regulation of MAPK cascade : IMP:UniProtKB
  • positive regulation of myoblast fusion : IEA:Ensembl
  • positive regulation of pathway-restricted SMAD protein phosphorylation : IBA:GO_Central
  • positive regulation of protein kinase B signaling : IDA:UniProtKB
  • reduction of food intake in response to dietary excess : IDA:UniProtKB
  • regulation of apoptotic process : IBA:GO_Central
  • regulation of MAPK cascade : IBA:GO_Central
  • signal transduction : TAS:ProtInc
  • SMAD protein signal transduction : IDA:UniProtKB
  • transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway : TAS:ProtInc
Back
(a) The Signal peptide D-score cutoff for "YES"(having signal peptide) is 0.45.
(b) Non-classically secreted proteins should obtain an NN-score(Neural Networks score) exceeding the normal threshold of 0.5, but not at the same time be predicted to contain a signal peptide.