Stromal cell-derived factor 1 (P48061)

Uniprot ID	P48061
Protein Name	Stromal cell-derived factor 1
Gene Name	CXCL12
Species	Homo sapiens (Human)

Signal peptide^(a)	Y	Secretome P^(b)	0.898
Function	Chemoattractant active on T-lymphocytes and monocytes but not neutrophils. Activates the C-X-C chemokine receptor CXCR4 to induce a rapid and transient rise in the level of intracellular calcium ions and chemotaxis. SDF-1-beta(3-72) and SDF-1-alpha(3-67) show a reduced chemotactic activity. Binding to cell surface proteoglycans seems to inhibit formation of SDF-1-alpha(3-67) and thus to preserve activity on local sites. Also binds to atypical chemokine receptor ACKR3, which activates the beta-arrestin pathway and acts as a scavenger receptor for SDF-1. Binds to the allosteric site (site 2) of integrins and activates integrins ITGAV:ITGB3, ITGA4:ITGB1 and ITGA5:ITGB1 in a CXCR4-independent manner (PubMed:29301984). Acts as a positive regulator of monocyte migration and a negative regulator of monocyte adhesion via the LYN kinase. Stimulates migration of monocytes and T-lymphocytes through its receptors, CXCR4 and ACKR3, and decreases monocyte adherence to surfaces coated with ICAM-1, a ligand for beta-2 integrins. SDF1A/CXCR4 signaling axis inhibits beta-2 integrin LFA-1 mediated adhesion of monocytes to ICAM-1 through LYN kinase. Inhibits CXCR4-mediated infection by T-cell line-adapted HIV-1. Plays a protective role after myocardial infarction. Induces down-regulation and internalization of ACKR3 expressed in various cells. Has several critical functions during embryonic development; required for B-cell lymphopoiesis, myelopoiesis in bone marrow and heart ventricular septum formation. Stimulates the proliferation of bone marrow-derived B-cell progenitors in the presence of IL7 as well as growth of stromal cell-dependent pre-B-cells (By similarity). .
GO - Molecular function	chemoattractant activity : IBA:GO_Central chemokine activity : IDA:UniProtKB chemokine receptor binding : IMP:UniProtKB CXCR chemokine receptor binding : IDA:BHF-UCL growth factor activity : IEA:UniProtKB-KW integrin binding : IDA:UniProtKB signaling receptor binding : TAS:ProtInc
GO - Biological process	adult locomotory behavior : IEA:Ensembl animal organ regeneration : IEA:Ensembl antimicrobial humoral immune response mediated by antimicrobial peptide : IDA:UniProtKB axon guidance : IBA:GO_Central blood circulation : TAS:ProtInc cell adhesion : TAS:ProtInc cell chemotaxis : IDA:UniProtKB cellular calcium ion homeostasis : TAS:ProtInc chemokine-mediated signaling pathway : IDA:BHF-UCL chemotaxis : TAS:UniProtKB defense response : IEA:InterPro detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception of pain : IEA:Ensembl detection of temperature stimulus involved in sensory perception of pain : IEA:Ensembl G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway : TAS:Reactome immune response : TAS:ProtInc induction of positive chemotaxis : IBA:GO_Central integrin activation : IDA:UniProtKB killing of cells of other organism : IDA:UniProtKB negative regulation of dendritic cell apoptotic process : IDA:BHF-UCL negative regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage : IDA:BHF-UCL negative regulation of leukocyte tethering or rolling : IDA:UniProtKB neuron migration : IEA:Ensembl positive regulation of axon extension involved in axon guidance : IEA:Ensembl positive regulation of calcium ion import : TAS:BHF-UCL positive regulation of cell adhesion : IDA:MGI positive regulation of dopamine secretion : IEA:Ensembl positive regulation of endothelial cell proliferation : IEA:Ensembl positive regulation of monocyte chemotaxis : IDA:UniProtKB positive regulation of T cell migration : IDA:MGI regulation of actin polymerization or depolymerization : TAS:ProtInc response to heat : IEA:Ensembl response to hypoxia : IEA:Ensembl response to peptide hormone : IEA:Ensembl response to radiation : IEA:Ensembl response to ultrasound : IEA:Ensembl response to virus : TAS:ProtInc signal transduction : TAS:ProtInc T cell chemotaxis : IDA:UniProtKB telencephalon cell migration : IEA:Ensembl

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^{(a) The Signal peptide D-score cutoff for "YES"(having signal peptide) is 0.45.}
^{(b) Non-classically secreted proteins should obtain an NN-score(Neural Networks score) exceeding the normal threshold of 0.5, but not at the same time be predicted to contain a signal peptide.}