High mobility group protein B2 (P30681)

Uniprot ID P30681
Protein Name High mobility group protein B2
Gene Name Hmgb2
Species Mus musculus (Mouse)
Signal peptide(a) N Secretome P(b) 0.309
Function Multifunctional protein with various roles in different cellular compartments. May act in a redox sensitive manner. In the nucleus is an abundant chromatin-associated non-histone protein involved in transcription, chromatin remodeling and V(D)J recombination and probably other processes. Binds DNA with a preference to non-canonical DNA structures such as single-stranded DNA. Can bent DNA and enhance DNA flexibility by looping thus providing a mechanism to promote activities on various gene promoters by enhancing transcription factor binding and/or bringing distant regulatory sequences into close proximity (By similarity). Involved in V(D)J recombination by acting as a cofactor of the RAG complex: acts by stimulating cleavage and RAG protein binding at the 23 bp spacer of conserved recombination signal sequences (RSS) (PubMed:9184213). Proposed to be involved in the innate immune response to nucleic acids by acting as a cytoplasmic promiscuous immunogenic DNA/RNA sensor which cooperates with subsequent discriminative sensing by specific pattern recognition receptors (PubMed:19890330). In the extracellular compartment acts as a chemokine. Promotes proliferation and migration of endothelial cells implicating AGER/RAGE (By similarity). Has antimicrobial activity in gastrointestinal epithelial tissues (By similarity). Involved in inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus coupled with proinflammatory activity (PubMed:25306442). May play a role in germ cell differentiation (PubMed:11262228). Involved in modulation of neurogenesis probably by regulation of neural stem proliferation (PubMed:24391977). Involved in articular cartilage surface maintenance implicating LEF1 and the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway (PubMed:19805379). .
GO - Molecular function
  • chemoattractant activity : ISO:MGI
  • damaged DNA binding : ISO:MGI
  • DNA binding : ISS:AgBase
  • DNA binding transcription factor activity : ISO:MGI
  • DNA binding, bending : ISS:UniProtKB
  • double-stranded DNA binding : IDA:UniProtKB
  • enhancer sequence-specific DNA binding : IDA:AgBase
  • non-sequence-specific DNA binding, bending : ISS:AgBase
  • protein domain specific binding : IPI:MGI
  • RAGE receptor binding : ISO:MGI
  • supercoiled DNA binding : ISS:AgBase
  • transcription factor binding : IDA:AgBase
  • transcription regulatory region DNA binding : ISO:MGI
GO - Biological process
  • cell chemotaxis : ISO:MGI
  • cellular response to lipopolysaccharide : IEA:Ensembl
  • defense response to Gram-negative bacterium : ISS:AgBase
  • defense response to Gram-positive bacterium : ISS:AgBase
  • DNA recombination : IEA:UniProtKB-KW
  • DNA topological change : ISS:AgBase
  • inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus : IMP:AgBase
  • innate immune response : IEA:UniProtKB-KW
  • male gonad development : IMP:MGI
  • negative regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway via death domain receptors : IMP:MGI
  • negative regulation of gene expression : IDA:AgBase
  • negative regulation of transcription, DNA-templated : ISO:MGI
  • positive regulation of DNA binding : IDA:MGI
  • positive regulation of endothelial cell proliferation : ISO:MGI
  • positive regulation of erythrocyte differentiation : ISO:MGI
  • positive regulation of gene expression : IDA:AgBase
  • positive regulation of innate immune response : IMP:UniProtKB
  • positive regulation of interferon-beta production : IMP:UniProtKB
  • positive regulation of megakaryocyte differentiation : ISO:MGI
  • positive regulation of nuclease activity : ISO:MGI
  • positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II : IMP:MGI
  • positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated : ISO:MGI
  • regulation of neurogenesis : IMP:AgBase
  • regulation of stem cell proliferation : IMP:AgBase
  • regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II : IDA:MGI
  • response to lipopolysaccharide : IMP:AgBase
  • response to steroid hormone : IMP:MGI
  • spermatid nucleus differentiation : IMP:MGI
  • spermatogenesis : IMP:MGI
  • transcription, DNA-templated : IEA:UniProtKB-KW
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(a) The Signal peptide D-score cutoff for "YES"(having signal peptide) is 0.45.
(b) Non-classically secreted proteins should obtain an NN-score(Neural Networks score) exceeding the normal threshold of 0.5, but not at the same time be predicted to contain a signal peptide.