Pituitary homeobox 3 (O75364)

Uniprot ID O75364
Protein Name Pituitary homeobox 3
Gene Name PITX3
Species Homo sapiens (Human)
Signal peptide(a) N Secretome P(b) 0.406
Function Transcriptional regulator which is important for the differentiation and maintenance of meso-diencephalic dopaminergic (mdDA) neurons during development. In addition to its importance during development, it also has roles in the long-term survival and maintenance of the mdDA neurons. Activates NR4A2/NURR1-mediated transcription of genes such as SLC6A3, SLC18A2, TH and DRD2 which are essential for development of mdDA neurons. Acts by decreasing the interaction of NR4A2/NURR1 with the corepressor NCOR2/SMRT which acts through histone deacetylases (HDACs) to keep promoters of NR4A2/NURR1 target genes in a repressed deacetylated state. Essential for the normal lens development and differentiation. Plays a critical role in the maintenance of mitotic activity of lens epithelial cells, fiber cell differentiation and in the control of the temporal and spatial activation of fiber cell-specific crystallins. Positively regulates FOXE3 expression and negatively regulates PROX1 in the anterior lens epithelium, preventing activation of CDKN1B/P27Kip1 and CDKN1C/P57Kip2 and thus maintains lens epithelial cells in cell cycle (By similarity). .
GO - Molecular function
  • DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific : ISA:NTNU_SB
  • RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding : IBA:GO_Central
  • RNA polymerase II transcription factor binding : IBA:GO_Central
  • sequence-specific DNA binding : IBA:GO_Central
GO - Biological process
  • aging : IEA:Ensembl
  • anatomical structure morphogenesis : IBA:GO_Central
  • animal organ morphogenesis : TAS:ProtInc
  • cellular response to glial cell derived neurotrophic factor : IEA:Ensembl
  • dopaminergic neuron differentiation : ISS:UniProtKB
  • lens development in camera-type eye : ISS:UniProtKB
  • lens morphogenesis in camera-type eye : ISS:UniProtKB
  • midbrain development : ISS:UniProtKB
  • negative regulation of gliogenesis : IEA:Ensembl
  • positive regulation of cell proliferation in midbrain : IEA:Ensembl
  • positive regulation of neuron apoptotic process : IEA:Ensembl
  • positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated : ISS:UniProtKB
  • regulation of transcription, DNA-templated : ISS:UniProtKB
  • response to cocaine : IEA:Ensembl
  • response to immobilization stress : IEA:Ensembl
  • response to methamphetamine hydrochloride : IEA:Ensembl
  • response to morphine : IEA:Ensembl
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(a) The Signal peptide D-score cutoff for "YES"(having signal peptide) is 0.45.
(b) Non-classically secreted proteins should obtain an NN-score(Neural Networks score) exceeding the normal threshold of 0.5, but not at the same time be predicted to contain a signal peptide.