C-C motif chemokine 5 (P13501)

Uniprot ID	P13501
Protein Name	C-C motif chemokine 5
Gene Name	CCL5
Species	Homo sapiens (Human)

Signal peptide^(a)	Y	Secretome P^(b)	0.835
Function	Chemoattractant for blood monocytes, memory T-helper cells and eosinophils. Causes the release of histamine from basophils and activates eosinophils. May activate several chemokine receptors including CCR1, CCR3, CCR4 and CCR5. One of the major HIV-suppressive factors produced by CD8+ T-cells. Recombinant RANTES protein induces a dose-dependent inhibition of different strains of HIV-1, HIV-2, and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV). The processed form RANTES(3-68) acts as a natural chemotaxis inhibitor and is a more potent inhibitor of HIV-1-infection. The second processed form RANTES(4-68) exhibits reduced chemotactic and HIV-suppressive activity compared with RANTES(1-68) and RANTES(3-68) and is generated by an unidentified enzyme associated with monocytes and neutrophils (PubMed:16791620, PubMed:1380064, PubMed:8525373, PubMed:9516414, PubMed:15923218). May also be an agonist of the G protein-coupled receptor GPR75, stimulating inositol trisphosphate production and calcium mobilization through its activation. Together with GPR75, may play a role in neuron survival through activation of a downstream signaling pathway involving the PI3, Akt and MAP kinases. By activating GPR75 may also play a role in insulin secretion by islet cells (PubMed:23979485). .
GO - Molecular function	CCR chemokine receptor binding : IBA:GO_Central CCR1 chemokine receptor binding : IDA:BHF-UCL CCR4 chemokine receptor binding : TAS:BHF-UCL CCR5 chemokine receptor binding : IPI:BHF-UCL chemoattractant activity : IDA:UniProtKB chemokine activity : IDA:BHF-UCL chemokine receptor antagonist activity : IDA:BHF-UCL chemokine receptor binding : IPI:BHF-UCL identical protein binding : IPI:IntAct phosphatidylinositol phospholipase C activity : IDA:UniProtKB phospholipase activator activity : IDA:UniProtKB protein homodimerization activity : IDA:BHF-UCL protein kinase activity : IDA:UniProtKB protein self-association : IDA:BHF-UCL receptor signaling protein tyrosine kinase activator activity : IDA:BHF-UCL
GO - Biological process	activation of phospholipase D activity : IDA:BHF-UCL calcium ion transport : IDA:UniProtKB cell-cell signaling : IDA:BHF-UCL cellular calcium ion homeostasis : IDA:UniProtKB cellular response to fibroblast growth factor stimulus : IEP:UniProtKB cellular response to interferon-gamma : IEP:UniProtKB cellular response to interleukin-1 : IEP:UniProtKB cellular response to organic cyclic compound : IDA:UniProtKB cellular response to tumor necrosis factor : IEP:UniProtKB chemokine-mediated signaling pathway : IDA:UniProtKB chemotaxis : NAS:UniProtKB cytokine-mediated signaling pathway : TAS:Reactome dendritic cell chemotaxis : TAS:BHF-UCL eosinophil chemotaxis : IDA:BHF-UCL exocytosis : IDA:UniProtKB G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway : IDA:UniProtKB inflammatory response : IDA:UniProtKB leukocyte cell-cell adhesion : IDA:BHF-UCL lipopolysaccharide-mediated signaling pathway : IDA:UniProtKB lymphocyte chemotaxis : IBA:GO_Central macrophage chemotaxis : TAS:BHF-UCL MAPK cascade : IMP:UniProtKB monocyte chemotaxis : IBA:GO_Central negative regulation by host of viral transcription : IDA:UniProtKB negative regulation of G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway : IDA:UniProtKB negative regulation of macrophage apoptotic process : IEA:Ensembl negative regulation of T cell apoptotic process : IDA:BHF-UCL negative regulation of viral genome replication : IDA:BHF-UCL neutrophil activation : IDA:BHF-UCL neutrophil chemotaxis : IBA:GO_Central positive regulation of activation of Janus kinase activity : TAS:BHF-UCL positive regulation of calcium ion transport : IDA:UniProtKB positive regulation of cell adhesion : IDA:BHF-UCL positive regulation of cell migration : IDA:UniProtKB positive regulation of cell-cell adhesion mediated by integrin : IDA:BHF-UCL positive regulation of cellular biosynthetic process : IDA:BHF-UCL positive regulation of epithelial cell proliferation : IEA:Ensembl positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade : IBA:GO_Central positive regulation of GTPase activity : IBA:GO_Central positive regulation of homotypic cell-cell adhesion : IDA:BHF-UCL positive regulation of innate immune response : TAS:BHF-UCL positive regulation of macrophage chemotaxis : IDA:BHF-UCL positive regulation of monocyte chemotaxis : IDA:BHF-UCL positive regulation of natural killer cell chemotaxis : IDA:UniProtKB positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling : IDA:BHF-UCL positive regulation of phosphorylation : IDA:BHF-UCL positive regulation of receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STAT : TAS:BHF-UCL positive regulation of smooth muscle cell migration : IDA:BHF-UCL positive regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation : IDA:BHF-UCL positive regulation of T cell apoptotic process : IDA:BHF-UCL positive regulation of T cell chemotaxis : IDA:BHF-UCL positive regulation of T cell migration : IDA:MGI positive regulation of T cell proliferation : IDA:BHF-UCL positive regulation of translational initiation : NAS:BHF-UCL positive regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT protein : IDA:BHF-UCL positive regulation of viral genome replication : TAS:BHF-UCL protein kinase B signaling : IMP:UniProtKB regulation of chronic inflammatory response : TAS:BHF-UCL regulation of insulin secretion : IDA:UniProtKB regulation of neuron death : IDA:UniProtKB regulation of T cell activation : IDA:BHF-UCL response to toxic substance : IDA:UniProtKB response to virus : TAS:BHF-UCL

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^{(a) The Signal peptide D-score cutoff for "YES"(having signal peptide) is 0.45.}
^{(b) Non-classically secreted proteins should obtain an NN-score(Neural Networks score) exceeding the normal threshold of 0.5, but not at the same time be predicted to contain a signal peptide.}