Insulin-like growth factor I (P05019)

Uniprot ID	P05019
Protein Name	Insulin-like growth factor I
Gene Name	IGF1
Species	Homo sapiens (Human)

Signal peptide^(a)	Y	Secretome P^(b)	0.923
Function	The insulin-like growth factors, isolated from plasma, are structurally and functionally related to insulin but have a much higher growth-promoting activity. May be a physiological regulator of [1-14C]-2-deoxy-D-glucose (2DG) transport and glycogen synthesis in osteoblasts. Stimulates glucose transport in bone-derived osteoblastic (PyMS) cells and is effective at much lower concentrations than insulin, not only regarding glycogen and DNA synthesis but also with regard to enhancing glucose uptake. May play a role in synapse maturation (PubMed:21076856, PubMed:24132240). Ca(2+)-dependent exocytosis of IGF1 is required for sensory perception of smell in the olfactory bulb (By similarity). Acts as a ligand for IGF1R. Binds to the alpha subunit of IGF1R, leading to the activation of the intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity which autophosphorylates tyrosine residues in the beta subunit thus initiatiating a cascade of down-stream signaling events leading to activation of the PI3K-AKT/PKB and the Ras-MAPK pathways. Binds to integrins ITGAV:ITGB3 and ITGA6:ITGB4. Its binding to integrins and subsequent ternary complex formation with integrins and IGFR1 are essential for IGF1 signaling. Induces the phosphorylation and activation of IGFR1, MAPK3/ERK1, MAPK1/ERK2 and AKT1 (PubMed:19578119, PubMed:22351760, PubMed:23696648, PubMed:23243309). .
GO - Molecular function	growth factor activity : IEA:UniProtKB-KW hormone activity : IDA:BHF-UCL insulin receptor binding : IPI:BHF-UCL insulin-like growth factor receptor binding : IDA:UniProtKB integrin binding : IDA:UniProtKB
GO - Biological process	activation of MAPK activity : IMP:UniProtKB activation of protein kinase B activity : IMP:UniProtKB bone mineralization involved in bone maturation : IDA:BHF-UCL cell activation : IDA:MGI cell population proliferation : IMP:AgBase cellular protein metabolic process : TAS:Reactome cellular response to amyloid-beta : IGI:ARUK-UCL ERK1 and ERK2 cascade : IMP:AgBase glycolate metabolic process : TAS:ProtInc insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling pathway : IMP:UniProtKB muscle hypertrophy : IMP:BHF-UCL muscle organ development : TAS:ProtInc myoblast differentiation : IDA:BHF-UCL myoblast proliferation : IDA:BHF-UCL myotube cell development : IDA:BHF-UCL negative regulation of amyloid-beta formation : IGI:ARUK-UCL negative regulation of apoptotic process : IMP:AgBase negative regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway : IDA:BHF-UCL negative regulation of gene expression : IDA:BHF-UCL negative regulation of interleukin-1 beta production : IGI:ARUK-UCL negative regulation of neuroinflammatory response : IGI:ARUK-UCL negative regulation of oocyte development : IMP:AgBase negative regulation of release of cytochrome c from mitochondria : ISS:UniProtKB negative regulation of smooth muscle cell apoptotic process : IDA:BHF-UCL negative regulation of tumor necrosis factor production : IGI:ARUK-UCL negative regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell apoptotic process : IMP:BHF-UCL phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling : IMP:AgBase phosphatidylinositol-mediated signaling : IDA:BHF-UCL platelet degranulation : TAS:Reactome positive regulation of activated T cell proliferation : IDA:BHF-UCL positive regulation of calcineurin-NFAT signaling cascade : IDA:UniProtKB positive regulation of cardiac muscle hypertrophy : IDA:UniProtKB positive regulation of cell growth involved in cardiac muscle cell development : IDA:BHF-UCL positive regulation of cell migration : IMP:AgBase positive regulation of cell population proliferation : IDA:BHF-UCL positive regulation of DNA binding : IDA:UniProtKB positive regulation of epithelial cell proliferation : IDA:BHF-UCL positive regulation of fibroblast proliferation : IDA:BHF-UCL positive regulation of gene expression : IGI:ARUK-UCL positive regulation of glucose import : IDA:UniProtKB positive regulation of glycogen biosynthetic process : IDA:UniProtKB positive regulation of glycolytic process : IDA:BHF-UCL positive regulation of glycoprotein biosynthetic process : IMP:AgBase positive regulation of insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling pathway : IDA:BHF-UCL positive regulation of MAPK cascade : IDA:UniProtKB positive regulation of mitotic nuclear division : IDA:UniProtKB positive regulation of osteoblast differentiation : IDA:BHF-UCL positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation : IDA:ARUK-UCL positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling : IDA:BHF-UCL positive regulation of protein secretion : IMP:AgBase positive regulation of Ras protein signal transduction : IDA:BHF-UCL positive regulation of smooth muscle cell migration : IDA:BHF-UCL positive regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation : IDA:BHF-UCL positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II : IDA:BHF-UCL positive regulation of transcription regulatory region DNA binding : IDA:AgBase positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated : IDA:UniProtKB positive regulation of trophectodermal cell proliferation : IMP:AgBase positive regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT protein : IDA:BHF-UCL positive regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation : IMP:BHF-UCL protein kinase B signaling : IMP:AgBase protein stabilization : IMP:AgBase proteoglycan biosynthetic process : IDA:BHF-UCL Ras protein signal transduction : TAS:ProtInc regulation of gene expression : IMP:AgBase regulation of multicellular organism growth : IEP:BHF-UCL response to heat : IDA:AgBase signal transduction : TAS:ProtInc skeletal muscle satellite cell maintenance involved in skeletal muscle regeneration : IDA:BHF-UCL skeletal system development : TAS:ProtInc

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^{(a) The Signal peptide D-score cutoff for "YES"(having signal peptide) is 0.45.}
^{(b) Non-classically secreted proteins should obtain an NN-score(Neural Networks score) exceeding the normal threshold of 0.5, but not at the same time be predicted to contain a signal peptide.}