Transforming growth factor beta-1 (P04202)

Uniprot ID	P04202
Protein Name	Transforming growth factor beta-1
Gene Name	Tgfb1
Species	Mus musculus (Mouse)

Signal peptide^(a)	Y	Secretome P^(b)	0.917
Function	Multifunctional protein that controls proliferation, differentiation and other functions in many cell types. Many cells synthesize TGFB1 and have specific receptors for it. It positively and negatively regulates many other growth factors. It plays an important role in bone remodeling as it is a potent stimulator of osteoblastic bone formation, causing chemotaxis, proliferation and differentiation in committed osteoblasts (PubMed:22781750). Stimulates sustained production of collagen through the activation of CREB3L1 by regulated intramembrane proteolysis (RIP) (By similarity). Can promote either T-helper 17 cells (Th17) or regulatory T-cells (Treg) lineage differentiation in a concentration-dependent manner. At high concentrations, leads to FOXP3-mediated suppression of RORC and down-regulation of IL-17 expression, favoring Treg cell development. At low concentrations in concert with IL-6 and IL-21, leads to expression of the IL-17 and IL-23 receptors, favoring differentiation to Th17 cells (PubMed:18368049). Mediates SMAD2/3 activation by inducing its phosphorylation and subsequent translocation to the nucleus. Can induce epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cell migration in various cell types (By similarity). .
GO - Molecular function	antigen binding : ISS:AgBase cytokine activity : IBA:GO_Central enzyme binding : ISO:MGI growth factor activity : IEA:UniProtKB-KW identical protein binding : ISO:MGI protein heterodimerization activity : ISO:MGI protein homodimerization activity : ISO:MGI protein N-terminus binding : ISO:MGI protein serine/threonine kinase activator activity : IDA:UniProtKB transforming growth factor beta receptor binding : IPI:MGI type I transforming growth factor beta receptor binding : ISS:AgBase type II transforming growth factor beta receptor binding : ISS:UniProtKB type III transforming growth factor beta receptor binding : ISS:AgBase
GO - Biological process	adaptive immune response based on somatic recombination of immune receptors built from immunoglobulin superfamily domains : IDA:BHF-UCL aging : IEA:Ensembl animal organ morphogenesis : TAS:MGI animal organ regeneration : ISO:MGI ATP biosynthetic process : ISS:UniProtKB BMP signaling pathway : IBA:GO_Central branch elongation involved in mammary gland duct branching : IMP:MGI CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell lineage commitment : TAS:UniProtKB cell activation : IDA:MGI cell cycle arrest : ISS:UniProtKB cell migration : ISS:UniProtKB cell proliferation : IDA:MGI cell-cell junction organization : ISS:UniProtKB cellular calcium ion homeostasis : IMP:MGI cellular response to dexamethasone stimulus : ISO:MGI cellular response to growth factor stimulus : IDA:MGI cellular response to insulin-like growth factor stimulus : IEA:Ensembl cellular response to ionizing radiation : IEA:Ensembl cellular response to mechanical stimulus : IEA:Ensembl cellular response to organic cyclic compound : ISS:UniProtKB cellular response to transforming growth factor beta stimulus : IDA:MGI chondrocyte differentiation : ISS:UniProtKB common-partner SMAD protein phosphorylation : ISS:UniProtKB defense response : TAS:MGI defense response to fungus, incompatible interaction : ISO:MGI digestive tract development : IEA:Ensembl embryonic liver development : IMP:BHF-UCL endoderm development : IDA:MGI epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway : ISS:UniProtKB epithelial to mesenchymal transition : ISS:UniProtKB evasion or tolerance of host defenses by virus : ISS:UniProtKB extracellular matrix assembly : IDA:BHF-UCL extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway : ISS:BHF-UCL face morphogenesis : IEP:UniProtKB female pregnancy : IEA:Ensembl frontal suture morphogenesis : IEA:Ensembl germ cell migration : IDA:MGI heart development : IMP:BHF-UCL heart valve morphogenesis : IMP:BHF-UCL hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation : ISS:UniProtKB hyaluronan catabolic process : ISS:UniProtKB inflammatory response : IMP:MGI inner ear development : IEA:Ensembl lens fiber cell differentiation : IMP:MGI lipopolysaccharide-mediated signaling pathway : ISS:UniProtKB liver regeneration : IEA:Ensembl lymph node development : IMP:MGI mammary gland branching involved in thelarche : IMP:MGI mammary gland development : IDA:MGI MAPK cascade : ISS:UniProtKB membrane protein intracellular domain proteolysis : ISS:UniProtKB mitotic cell cycle checkpoint : ISS:UniProtKB mononuclear cell proliferation : IMP:MGI morphogenesis of a branching structure : ISO:MGI myelination : ISO:MGI myeloid dendritic cell differentiation : IMP:MGI negative regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell migration : ISS:UniProtKB negative regulation of cell cycle : ISS:UniProtKB negative regulation of cell growth : IDA:BHF-UCL negative regulation of cell proliferation : ISS:UniProtKB negative regulation of cell-cell adhesion : ISS:UniProtKB negative regulation of epithelial cell proliferation : ISS:UniProtKB negative regulation of fat cell differentiation : ISS:UniProtKB negative regulation of gene expression : ISO:MGI negative regulation of gene silencing by miRNA : ISO:MGI negative regulation of hyaluronan biosynthetic process : ISS:UniProtKB negative regulation of immune response : ISO:MGI negative regulation of interleukin-17 production : IDA:UniProtKB negative regulation of macrophage cytokine production : ISS:AgBase negative regulation of mitotic cell cycle : ISS:UniProtKB negative regulation of myoblast differentiation : ISS:UniProtKB negative regulation of neuroblast proliferation : ISO:MGI negative regulation of ossification : IDA:MGI negative regulation of phagocytosis : ISO:MGI negative regulation of production of miRNAs involved in gene silencing by miRNA : ISO:MGI negative regulation of protein localization to plasma membrane : ISO:MGI negative regulation of protein phosphorylation : ISS:UniProtKB negative regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol : ISO:MGI negative regulation of skeletal muscle tissue development : ISS:UniProtKB negative regulation of T cell activation : IMP:MGI negative regulation of T cell proliferation : IMP:MGI negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II : IDA:MGI negative regulation of transcription, DNA-templated : ISS:UniProtKB neural tube closure : IMP:BHF-UCL neural tube development : IMP:BHF-UCL Notch signaling pathway : IDA:MGI oligodendrocyte development : IMP:CACAO ossification involved in bone remodeling : ISS:AgBase osteoclast differentiation : IDA:MGI pathway-restricted SMAD protein phosphorylation : IDA:BHF-UCL phosphate-containing compound metabolic process : ISS:UniProtKB positive regulation of apoptotic process : ISO:MGI positive regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell migration : ISS:UniProtKB positive regulation of bone mineralization : ISS:AgBase positive regulation of branching involved in ureteric bud morphogenesis : ISO:MGI positive regulation of cardiac muscle cell differentiation : ISO:MGI positive regulation of cell cycle arrest : IDA:MGI positive regulation of cell division : IEA:UniProtKB-KW positive regulation of cell migration : ISS:BHF-UCL positive regulation of cell proliferation : IDA:MGI positive regulation of cellular protein metabolic process : ISS:UniProtKB positive regulation of chemotaxis : ISS:UniProtKB positive regulation of collagen biosynthetic process : IDA:BHF-UCL positive regulation of epithelial cell proliferation : ISO:MGI positive regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition : IDA:MGI positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade : ISS:UniProtKB positive regulation of exit from mitosis : ISO:MGI positive regulation of fibroblast migration : IMP:MGI positive regulation of fibroblast proliferation : IDA:MGI positive regulation of gene expression : IDA:UniProtKB positive regulation of histone acetylation : IDA:MGI positive regulation of histone deacetylation : IDA:MGI positive regulation of interleukin-17 production : IDA:BHF-UCL positive regulation of isotype switching to IgA isotypes : ISS:AgBase positive regulation of MAP kinase activity : ISS:UniProtKB positive regulation of mononuclear cell migration : ISO:MGI positive regulation of NAD+ ADP-ribosyltransferase activity : ISS:UniProtKB positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity : ISO:MGI positive regulation of odontogenesis : IDA:MGI positive regulation of pathway-restricted SMAD protein phosphorylation : ISS:UniProtKB positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation : ISS:UniProtKB positive regulation of peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation : ISS:UniProtKB positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation : ISO:MGI positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity : ISS:UniProtKB positive regulation of pri-miRNA transcription by RNA polymerase II : ISO:MGI positive regulation of production of miRNAs involved in gene silencing by miRNA : ISO:MGI positive regulation of protein complex assembly : ISS:UniProtKB positive regulation of protein dephosphorylation : ISS:UniProtKB positive regulation of protein import into nucleus : ISS:AgBase positive regulation of protein kinase B signaling : ISS:UniProtKB positive regulation of protein localization to nucleus : IGI:MGI positive regulation of protein phosphorylation : ISS:UniProtKB positive regulation of protein secretion : ISS:UniProtKB positive regulation of receptor clustering : IDA:UniProtKB positive regulation of regulatory T cell differentiation : IMP:UniProtKB positive regulation of SMAD protein signal transduction : ISS:AgBase positive regulation of smooth muscle cell differentiation : ISO:MGI positive regulation of superoxide anion generation : ISS:UniProtKB positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II : IDA:MGI positive regulation of transcription regulatory region DNA binding : ISS:UniProtKB positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated : IDA:MGI positive regulation of vascular permeability : ISO:MGI protein export from nucleus : ISS:UniProtKB protein import into nucleus, translocation : ISS:UniProtKB protein kinase B signaling : ISS:UniProtKB protein phosphorylation : IDA:MGI receptor catabolic process : ISS:UniProtKB regulation of actin cytoskeleton reorganization : IGI:MGI regulation of apoptotic process : IBA:GO_Central regulation of binding : IDA:MGI regulation of branching involved in mammary gland duct morphogenesis : IGI:MGI regulation of cartilage development : IDA:MGI regulation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell differentiation : TAS:UniProtKB regulation of cell proliferation : IDA:MGI regulation of DNA binding : IDA:MGI regulation of gene expression : IDA:MGI regulation of interleukin-23 production : IDA:UniProtKB regulation of MAPK cascade : IBA:GO_Central regulation of protein import into nucleus : IDA:MGI regulation of regulatory T cell differentiation : IGI:MGI regulation of SMAD protein signal transduction : ISS:UniProtKB regulation of sodium ion transport : IDA:MGI regulation of striated muscle tissue development : IDA:MGI regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway : ISS:UniProtKB regulatory T cell differentiation : IDA:MGI response to cholesterol : ISS:UniProtKB response to estradiol : ISS:UniProtKB response to glucose : IEA:Ensembl response to hypoxia : IEA:Ensembl response to immobilization stress : IEA:Ensembl response to laminar fluid shear stress : IEA:Ensembl response to organic substance : ISO:MGI response to progesterone : ISS:UniProtKB response to salt : IEA:Ensembl response to vitamin D : IEA:Ensembl response to wounding : ISS:AgBase salivary gland morphogenesis : ISS:AgBase skeletal muscle tissue development : TAS:MGI skeletal system development : TAS:MGI SMAD protein complex assembly : ISS:UniProtKB SMAD protein signal transduction : IBA:GO_Central T cell activation : IDA:MGI T cell differentiation : IMP:MGI T cell homeostasis : IMP:MGI T-helper 17 cell lineage commitment : TAS:UniProtKB tolerance induction to self antigen : IMP:MGI transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway : IDA:MGI transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway involved in heart development : IMP:BHF-UCL ureteric bud development : IEP:UniProtKB vasculogenesis : IMP:BHF-UCL ventricular cardiac muscle tissue morphogenesis : IMP:BHF-UCL wound healing : ISO:MGI

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^{(a) The Signal peptide D-score cutoff for "YES"(having signal peptide) is 0.45.}
^{(b) Non-classically secreted proteins should obtain an NN-score(Neural Networks score) exceeding the normal threshold of 0.5, but not at the same time be predicted to contain a signal peptide.}